The Development of Activity Packages Based on the GPAS 5 Steps to Promote Critical Thinking Skills on the Properties of Organic Compounds for Grade 11 Students
Keywords:
GPAS 5 Steps, Critical Thinking Skills, Properties of Organic CompoundsAbstract
This study aimed to develop a set of learning activity packages that promote critical thinking based on the GPAS 5 Steps instructional approach, specifically on the topic of Properties of Organic Compounds. The objectives were to: (1) evaluate the effectiveness of the developed activity packages according to the E1/E2 criterion of 80/80; (2) compare students’ critical thinking abilities after the implementation of the learning activities with the benchmark of 80%; and (3) examine students’ satisfaction toward the use of the activity packages. The sample consisted of 72 Grade 11 students enrolled in the second semester of the 2024 academic year at Princess Chulabhorn Science High School Mukdahan. The research instruments included: (1) six learning activity packages designed to promote critical thinking based on the GPAS 5 Steps approach, with a total duration of 18 hours; (2) a critical thinking assessment consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions based on real-life scenarios; (3) a 40-item achievement test on “Properties of Organic Compounds”; and (4) a satisfaction questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, percentage, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics using one-sample t-tests to compare outcomes against specified criteria. Findings revealed that the developed activity packages were effective, meeting the designated efficiency criterion (E1/E2 = 90.52/86.18). Students’ critical thinking abilities after participating in the learning activities were significantly higher than the 80% benchmark (88.87%), at a significant level of p < .05. When analyzing by individual components of critical thinking, all aspects exceeded the 80% benchmark with statistical significance (p < .05). Furthermore, students reported the highest level of satisfaction with the learning activities (mean = 4.86 out of 5).
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